What are exosomes

★ Biological from human placenta
Mesenquimal Stem Cells (MSCs), composed of microvesicles (30-150 nm) containing a mixture of messenger RNA, growth factors
(VEGF, HGF) and a high load of more than 700 proteins.

★ They are very diverse in the composition of their lipid bilayer and in its content, which gives them a high selectivity of interaction with the target cell and the ability to modify cellular metabolism.

★ Promotes communication between cells and facilitates the exchange of messenger RNA; in addition to transferring a large number of growth factors to promote immunomodulation.

★ They also act as possible endogenous vectors for the transport of drugs due to their immunomodulatory action.

How do they work?

Exosomes function primarily by constantly transferring miRNAs and proteins.

★ They interact with target cells by adhesion to their surface through receptors that act as lipid ligands, internalization via endocytic capture, or by direct fusion of these vesicles with the cell membrane.

★ They can transport antigenic material and express functional major histocompatibility system antigens, resulting in them having the potential to mediate the immune response through antigen presentation.

★ They transport and present functional peptide-bound HPS antigen complexes, for example to modulate the activation of specific anti-tumor T cells.

★ It is known that MSC, in response to primary culture conditions that mimic the cellular microenvironment niche in vivo, significantly modulate intercellular signal exchange and significantly increase exosome secretion; it is suggested that this is due to a glycolytic reprogramming that homogenizes the metabolic profile of MSCs.

★ They are secreted by various cell types including B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, mast cells, T lymphocytes, platelets and Schwann cells among others through their
fusion with the cell membrane.

Exosomes: “cell-free”

regenerative cell therapy

These structures participate in a notorious and crucial way in intercellular communication, which has led to a change in the concept of the functions and the role that these vesicles play in living organisms, particularly in the restoration of damaged tissues and the inflammatory response and immunological